evrim teorisi sitesine yönelik ingilizce makaleler
 

Arkadaşlar aşağıdaki sayfadaki linklerin çevirisi başarılırsa evrim sitemize oldukça faydalı olacaktır.

http://talkorigins.org/indexcc/list.html

Ancak "CH: Biblical Creationism" başlığı altındaki linkler en arka plana atılabilir. Daha ziyade avrupa ve ABD'dekileri ilgilendiriyor. Tabiki bu başlık da çevrilirse iyi olur.

Linklerin sayısı fazla görünüyor ama incelediklerim genellikle kısa yazılardan oluşuyor.

Katkılarınızı, görüşlerinizi bekliyorum.

Sevgilerimle.

Re: evrim teorisi sitesine yönelik ingilizce makaleler
 

Tercüme grubunda sonuçsuz kalmış iki başlık var. Bunlardan birincisi 27 Nisan'da Cem tarafından iletilmiş olan "talk origins" sitesinden çeviri yapılması üzerinedir. İkincisi ise aynı önerinin yine Cem tarafından 27 Mayıs'ta tekrar iletilmesi oldu.

Bu ikinci öneri (ve Vartor'un bunu ÖM ile uyarması) bana birinci öneri için belli bir kısımı yüklendiğimi de anımsattı. Ancak bu arada sitemizin hacklenmesi ve arkasından web sunucusunun değişmesi ile bazı iletilerin arasında bunların da silinmesi, bunu bana unutturmuş. *

Ancak ben bu arada Ankara'dan Bodrum'a geçtim, uzun bir süre de Ankara'daki olanaklarımdan yoksun burada kalacağım. Ayrıca "evrim-org" sitesinde Darwin'in yaşamı, Darvinizm ve Sosyal Darvinizm konularını yüklendiğim için şu sıralarda bunlarla uğraşıyorum. Zaten Darwin'in Yaşamını bitirip burada da astım. *Dolayısıyla, daha önceki sözümü yerine getirmem bir süre için olası değil.

Daha önce bu grupta olup da katkısı bulunmayan arkadaşların ilgilenmesini öneriyorum.

Re: evrim teorisi sitesine yönelik ingilizce makaleler
 

Arkadaşlar, yeni siteyle ilgili olarak bazı İngilizce makalelerin acilen Türkçeye çevirisi gerekiyor. İlkini aşğıya koyuyorum. Bu görevi almak isteyen var mı?

Richard Dawkins:

* His father moved to Kenya from England during the Second World War to join the Allied Forces
* Richard Dawkins was born in Nairobi in 1941
* His family returned to England in 1949
* Studied at Oxford University and graduated in 1962
* Remained at Oxford to work for his doctorate with ethologist Niko Tinbergen
* Assistant Professor of Zoology at the University of California at Berkeley 1967-1969
* Lecturer in Zoology at Oxford University and a Fellow of New College from 1970
* Published his first book, The Selfish Gene in 1976
* Holder of the newly endowed Charles Simonyi Chair of Public Understanding of Science 1995
* Elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 1997
* Richard Dawkins is married to actress and artist Lalla Ward. She has illustrated two of his books, River out of Eden, and Climbing Mount Improbable.

Books

Richard Dawkins's first book, The Selfish Gene (1976; second edition, 1989), became an immediate international bestseller and, like The Blind Watchmaker, was translated into all the major languages. Its sequel, The Extended Phenotype, followed in 1982. His other bestsellers include River Out of Eden (1995), Climbing Mount Improbable (1996), and Unweaving the Rainbow (1998).
Awards and Accomplishments

Richard Dawkins won both the Royal Society of Literature Award and the Los Angeles Times Literary Prize in 1987 for The Blind Watchmaker. The television film of the book, shown in the 'Horizon' series, won the Sci-Tech Prize for the Best Science Programme of 1987. He has also won the 1989 Silver Medal of the Zoological Society of London and the 1990 Royal Society Michael Faraday Award for the furtherance of the public understanding of science. In 1994 he won the Nakayama Prize for Human Science and in 1995 was awarded an Honorary D.Litt. by the University of St Andrews. Humanist of the Year Award 1996. Since 1996 has been Vice President of the British Humanist Association. Elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 1997. Winner of the 1997 (Fifth) International Cosmos Prize in Commemoration of Expo' 90.

Re: evrim teorisi sitesine yönelik ingilizce makaleler
 

Ben yaparim.

Re: evrim teorisi sitesine yönelik ingilizce makaleler
 

kragan bitirmiş bile ikili çalışma olmasın

Re: evrim teorisi sitesine yönelik ingilizce makaleler
 

Sagol simdi gordum ben de .

Re: evrim teorisi sitesine yönelik ingilizce makaleler
 

evrim teorisi ile ilgili çeviri yapabilirim; fakat böyle bir başlık bulamadım. yönlendirebilirseniz sevnirim

Re: evrim teorisi sitesine yönelik ingilizce makaleler
 

Types of mutations and their effects

Mutations are changes in the genome (genetic constitution). There are quite a number of ways in which mutations can happen. They also differ in the way that they impact evolution.

Mutations which occur when the genome is copied during reproduction are known as vertical transfer mutations. They are called vertical transfer mutations because they are transferred from ancestor to descendent along vertical lines of descent. In the original work on population genetics it was assumed that all mutations were vertical transfer mutations.

Horizontal transfer mutations occur when DNA is moved from one organism to another. Horizontal transfer can be a major source of evolutionary novelty. It is important because new genes can be propagated much more rapidly by horizontal transfer than by vertical transfer. If evolution is depicted by the tree, vertical genetic movement is the transmission of genes down branches; horizontal genetic movement is the transmission of genes between the branches.

Intra-organism transfer mutations occur when genes or parts of genes move around within an organism.

Strictly speaking, hybrids (mating across species) are not mutants. In many groups of species, particularly among plants, genes are transferred from to one species to another via hybrids.

Types of mutations:

1. Point mutations

The most common type of copying error is the point mutation. In this form of mutation the nucleotide at a site is replaced by a different nucleotide. When people talk about mutation rates they are usually talking about rates of point mutations.

Effects of point mutations: Point mutations in junk DNA are common but have no effect. Sometimes point mutations in regulatory regions have no effect and sometimes they alter the expression of some genes.

2. Additions and deletions

During copying a segment of DNA may be deleted or a new segment may be inserted. Typically this happens as a result of chromosome breakage or realignment. (See below.) Additions and deletions can also be produced by certain types of horizontal transfer.

Effects of additions and deletions: If the length of the new or deleted segment is not a multiple of three the translation will be garbled after the point at which the insertion/deletion occurred because the frame reading is now misaligned. This is known as a frameshift mutation. In some genes there are segments that may be duplicated as a block. This is known as tandem duplication.

3. Chromosomal duplication

Sometimes one or more chromosomes are duplicated during reproduction; the offspring get extra copies of those chromosomes.

Effects of chromosomal duplication: Duplicating only one chromosome is generally disadvantageous; an example in human beings is Down's syndrome. Having multiple copies of all of the chromosomes is known as polyploidy. Polyploidy is rare in fungi and animals (although it does occur) and is common in plants. It has been estimated that 20-50% of all plant species arise as the result of polyploidy.

Gene duplication is very common; it is important because it provides a way to evolve new capabilities while retaining the old capabilities. All intermediate stages can be found in nature, from a single gene with alternate alleles to nearly identical duplicated genes with slightly different functional alleles to gene families of evolutionarily related genes with different functionalities.

4. Chromosomal breakage and realignment

During reproduction a chromosome may break into two pieces or two chromosomes may be joined together. A section may be moved from one part of the chromosome to another or may be flipped in orientation (inverted). This is the mechanism by which deletions, duplications and transpositions my occur.

Effects of chromosomal breakage and realignment: Quite often these types of changes do not affect the viability of the organism (the genes are still there; they're just in different places) but, in sexually reproducing species, they may make it less likely for the organism to produce viable, fertile offspring.

5. Retroviruses

Certain viruses have the ability to insert a copy of themselves into the genome of a host. The chemical that make this possible (reverse transcriptase) is widely used in genetic engineering.

Effects of retroviruses: Usually this is a way for the virus to get the host to do the work of reproducing the virus. Sometimes, however, the inserted gene mutates and becomes a permanent part of the host organism's genome. Depending on the position of the viral DNA in the host genome, genes may be disrupted or their expression altered. When insertions occur in the germline of multicellular organisms, they can be passed on vertically.

6. Plasmids

Plasmids are little pieces of circular DNA that are passed from bacterium to bacterium. Plasmids can be transferred across species lines.

Effects of plasmid transfer: Plasmid transfer is an important way of spreading useful genes such as those which confer resistance to antibiotics. Plasmid transfer is an example of horizontal transfer.

7. Bacterial DNA exchange

Bacteria can exchange DNA directly. They often do this in response to environmental stress.

Effects of bacterial DNA exchange: Exchange is often fatal to one or both of the bacteria involved. Sometimes, however, one or both of the partners acquires genes which are essential for the current environment.

8. Higher level transfer

Some parasites can pick up genetic material from one organism and carry it to the next. This has been observed in fruit flies in the wild.

Effects of higher level transfer: When this happens novel alleles can spread much more rapidly through a species than they would for ordinary gene flow.

9. Symbiotic transfer

When two organisms exist in a close symbiotic relationship one may "steal" genes from the other. The most notable example of this are mitochondria. In most organisms with mitochondria most of the original mitochondrial genes have moved from the mitochondria to the nuclear genome.

Effects of symbiotic transfer: A major effect is that the symbiotic relationship changes from being optional to be obligatory.

10. Transposons

Transposons are genes that can move from one place in the genome to another.

Effects of transposons: Depending on the position of insertion, transposons can disrupt or alter the expression of host genes. In some species most mutations due to transposon insertion. For example, in Drosophila, 50-85% of mutations are due to transposon insertions.

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* * * sevgili kragan bu yazıyı çevirebilirmisin, bu yazı evrim grubundan geliyor ve çevrilmesi isteniyor. Sen ya da başka bir arkadaş üzerine alırsa buraya yazsın ki biz de bu görevi üstlendigimizi belirtelim.

Re: evrim teorisi sitesine yönelik ingilizce makaleler
 

yarın sınavım var, bugün başlayamam eğer başlayacak arkadaş varsa alsın. ama yarına kadar kimse üstlenmeze *yarın akşam çeviriye başlayabilirim.
bir de evrim çalışma grubuna nasıl katılabiliriz ?

Re: evrim teorisi sitesine yönelik ingilizce makaleler
 

o zaman bu metin sana ait kragan

* başka görev almak isteyen arkadaş varsa iş çok *:lol:

* Bu metin
* http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/mutations.html

* *den ayrıldı, ama makalenin tamamının da çevirisi gerekiyor. Başka görev almak isteyen arkadaş varsa kragan' ın aldıgı metnin haricindeki bir bölümü alabilir.